Implementing the Thales Command Set with jPOS' FSDMsg

I've mentioned before that while 'FSDMsg' (FSD = Field Separator Delimited) isn't something that gets a lot of attention with the jPOS framework (it tends to be overshadowed by ISO Packager discussions), it is an important and useful tool in its own right.  We recently used it as the framework to implement our Thales HSM 8000 command set. 

A lot of people search this blog looking for any type of insights they can glean on figuring out their Thales implementation because - as I've mentioned previously - the Thales documentation just isn't really great at providing real-world examples of the commands they're explaining.  So, we see hits here on particular Thales error codes and on the field names of some of the really obscure and weird things, like the famously obtuse 'KSN Descriptor.'  So, I thought it would be of value to post here how we used FSDMsg to implement some Thales functions.

To set the stage, this implementation is for an acquirer where its stores have DUKPT-enabled devices.  The PIN blocks need to be translated by the HSM into an outgoing block that will be placed in an 0200 (Financial) POS Purchase request sent to the Debit/EBT gateway.  The outgoing PIN block is Triple DES; the Acquirer and Gateway 'talk' Master Session Encryption; and the Acquirer and Gateway will do periodic dynamic key exchange.  [This scenario describes a very common set of enterprise-class Acquirer needs.]

Next, we have some terminology:

• Local Master Key (“LMK”):  The base level key comprised of key components generated by the acquirer; the LMK is used to create cryptograms of all other keys.

• Base Derivation Key (“BDK”):  The key used jointly by the PIN Pads and your jPOS implementation to create and transport DUKPT-enabled PIN blocks.

• Zone Master Key (“ZMK”):  The key provided (in parts) by the Debit/EBT gateway to the acquirer for entry in a key ceremony.  When online “key exchanges” take place, the newly-received values are encrypted under the ZMK.

• Zone PIN Key (“ZPK”):  The Triple DES key used to encrypt PIN blocks in the 0200 card-based transaction requests sent to the Debit/EBT gateway.  New ZPKs are delivered to the acquirer at pre-determined intervals encrypted under the ZMK.

First, we have the request to dynamically exchange the ZPK (a.k.a., the "working key").  Using strict Thales parlance, a key exchange request is a request to "translate a ZPK from ZMK to LMK encryption."  These events are typically initiated via an exchange of 'network' messages (ISO8583 800/810 exchange).  There are one of two models in use (depends on the spec of your gateway): the acquirer sends an 0800 to request a new key, which comes back in an 0810 from the gateway partner; or, the gateway initiates proceedings with an 0800 including the key and the subsequent 0810 response from the Acquirer denotes success or failure.

Let's assume it's the second model 'in play' here.  Upon receiving the 0810 New Key Response from the gateway on a key exchange, the jPOS application formats a command to the Thales HSM which essentially asks it to:

• Decrypt the new ‘ZPK’ Working Key (which was encrypted under the gateway-provided ‘ZMK’).

• Re-encrypt the working key under the Acquirer’s Master File Key (‘LMK’), creating the working key cryptogram. 

• Save the resulting ZPK working key cryptogram for storage and subsequent usage by the jPOS application.

In the Thales this functionality is implemented via FA/FB (request/response) message set. 

First, we defined (as our base XML schema) the request and response common elements in the Thales command set.  Here's the base we use for all Thales Requests:

<schema>
<field id="command" type="A" length="2" key="true" />
</schema>



...and here's the base we use for the responses:

<schema>
<field id="response" type="A" length="2" key="true" />
<field id="error"    type="A" length="2" />
</schema>

Our FSDMsg entries to implement the remainder of the FA and FB (supplementing the corresponding request or response base) look like this:

<schema id='FA'>
<field id="bdk" type="A" length="32" />
<field id="zpk-type" type="A" length="1" />
<field id="zpk" type="A" length="32" />
<field id="ksn-descriptor" type="A" length="3" />
<field id="ksn" type="A" length="16" />
<field id="pinblk" type="A" length="16" />
<field id="destination-pinblk-format" type="A" length="2" />
<field id="account-number" type="A" length="12" />
</schema>

<schema id='FB'>
<field id="zpk-type" type="A" length="1" />
<field id="zpk" type="A" length="32" />
<field id="zpk-check" type="A" length="6" />
<field id="zpk-extended-check" type="A" length="10" />
</schema>

Now the other task is "PIN Translation."  On PIN-enabled Debit/EBT transactions sent in from an Acquirer's point-of-sale location, your jPOS application must perform a PIN translation, transforming the incoming DUKPT PIN block from the message request into a outgoing Triple DES-encrypted PIN block that makes use of the newly established ZPK working key (as obtained and stored in the methods described above).  Using strict Thales parlance, this variant of a PIN translation request is a request to "translate a PIN from *BDK encryption to interchange key encryption."

In the Thales this functionality is implemented via CI/CJ (request/response) message set.  Our FSDMsg entries to implement the CI and CJ look like this (these are in addition to the base elements we've defined as mentioned above):

<schema id='CI'>
<field id="bdk" type="A" length="32" />
<field id="zpk-type" type="A" length="1" />
<field id="zpk" type="A" length="32" />
<field id="ksn-descriptor" type="A" length="3" />
<field id="ksn" type="A" length="16" />
<field id="pinblk" type="A" length="16" />
<field id="destination-pinblk-format" type="A" length="2" />
<field id="account-number" type="A" length="12" />
</schema>

<schema id='CJ'>
<field id="pin-length" type="N" length="2" />
<field id="pinblk" type="A" length="16" />
</schema>

Comments

[The Jaywalker]

Visited your blog while searching for something; nice work....keep it up!

[Rony Nasr]

Hi Andy,

I am trying to create a test scenario using jPOS.
I have been able to create the ZMK using 3 components that were provided to me.
still I have an encrypted ZPK that needs to be decrypted into 'clear' format.

Regarding the LMK file I need to know if it has some specific format or extension.

I'd really appreciate any suggestions regarding this issue.

Geat work on that Blog !!

[Tanveer]

How Triple DES Master/Session Encryption is used in retail POS application using POS Terminal like PINPad? I want to understand the sequence starting from PINPad being injected by POS manufacture, then POS application appends the session key during transaction etc. Thanks

[kickofit]

Hi,

Great Blog... I am trying to transfer Keys from 8000 to 9000 .Both will have the same LMK. Any idea on how to go about this..

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